Composting          feedearth.tif (13394 bytes)

Composting basics including: uses, siting, materials  and trouble shooting.

Click here to download an award winning composting factsheet. (viewable doc file)

guy.tif (7604 bytes)        Uses

    Compost has a variety of uses. Add compost to a sandy soil to increase water retention, add to clay soil to increase water permeability, use as a mulch around the yard, add to potted plants to provide trace minerals.  Over time, adding compost to the soil will help buffer the soil to a pH closer to neutral. 
    Compost is a good source of trace nutrients.  Give houseplants a boost by soaking compost overnight in a bucket of water and using the water to water plants.  Placing the compost in an old pair of nylons or cheese cloth makes it easy to remove the compost from the water.

Siting


    For our Michigan area, a place where it is sunny in the morning and shady in the afternoon is ideal, but not necessary.  Your compost pile should be located somewhere convenient for you, perhaps where you plan to use the compost or easily accessible in winter months for composting kitchen scraps.  Once you have selected a site, remove the grass and sod cover from the area to allow materials to have direct contact with soil microorganism.  Be sure not to harm tree roots if your pile is located near a tree.  Also, make sure the tree is not one that will rob nutrients from your pile such as, black locust, tree-of-heaven or willow.
     For quick compost, the compost area should be 3 x 3 x 3.  If time is not important, no exact proportions are required.

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guyraking.tif (8840 bytes) Materials
   Anything growing in your yard can be composted.  Microorganisms use the carbon and nitrogen in compostable materials for energy and protein sources.   Everything organic has a ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) in its tissues.  A C:N ratio of 3:1 by volume  is ideal for the activity of compost microbes.  This balance can be achieved by mixing two part carbon (brown) materials to one part nitrogen (green) materials. 
Carbon sources include: straw, hay, paper, leaves and woody materials.  Nitrogen materials include: grass clippings, manure, garden weeds and vegetable remains. 
    Surface area is important for quick decomposition.   By chopping your garden waste, chipping wood or mulching leaves, you can increase the surface area of these materials.  More surface area means more room for the microbes to feed on.  Therefore, the decomposition rate is increased. 
    Microbes, like humans, need a certain amount of water and air to live.  Microbes function best when the compost pile is has many air holes and is about as moist as a wrung out sponge.  Periodic turning of the materials in the compost pile will help increase the rate of decomposition.

Trouble Shooting

Symptom Possible Problem Solution
Compost has bad odor Not enough air

Too wet

Turn pile to aerate

Add dry material

Compost is damp and warm only in the middle Pile too small Add material
Pile is sweet smelling but will not heat up Lack of nitrogen (green) materials Mix in nitrogen source such as: grass clippings or manure
Ammonia Odor Too much nitrogen (green) material Mix in carbon (brown) material such as: leaves,
wood chips

 


For further information, questions or comments, e-mail:
email4.gif (9486 bytes)   Beth Clawson

Natural Resources/Resource Recovery Extension Educator



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Last modified: July, 2007