Composting 
Composting basics including: uses, siting, materials and trouble shooting.
Click here to download an award winning composting factsheet. (viewable doc file)
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Uses
Compost has a variety of uses. Add compost to a sandy soil to increase water retention,
add to clay soil to increase water permeability, use as a mulch around the yard, add to
potted plants to provide trace minerals. Over time, adding compost to the soil will
help buffer the soil to a pH closer to neutral. |
| Siting
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Materials Anything growing in your yard can be composted. Microorganisms use the carbon and nitrogen in compostable materials for energy and protein sources. Everything organic has a ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) in its tissues. A C:N ratio of 3:1 by volume is ideal for the activity of compost microbes. This balance can be achieved by mixing two part carbon (brown) materials to one part nitrogen (green) materials. Carbon sources include: straw, hay, paper, leaves and woody materials. Nitrogen materials include: grass clippings, manure, garden weeds and vegetable remains. Surface area is important for quick decomposition. By chopping your garden waste, chipping wood or mulching leaves, you can increase the surface area of these materials. More surface area means more room for the microbes to feed on. Therefore, the decomposition rate is increased. Microbes, like humans, need a certain amount of water and air to live. Microbes function best when the compost pile is has many air holes and is about as moist as a wrung out sponge. Periodic turning of the materials in the compost pile will help increase the rate of decomposition. |
| Symptom | Possible Problem | Solution |
| Compost has bad odor | Not enough air Too wet |
Turn pile to aerate Add dry material |
| Compost is damp and warm only in the middle | Pile too small | Add material |
| Pile is sweet smelling but will not heat up | Lack of nitrogen (green) materials | Mix in nitrogen source such as: grass clippings or manure |
| Ammonia Odor | Too much nitrogen (green) material | Mix in carbon (brown)
material such as: leaves, wood chips |
For further information, questions or comments, e-mail:
Beth Clawson
Natural Resources/Resource Recovery Extension Educator