HORTICULTURE

 

 

Using Common Pesticides for
Insects and Diseases on Backyard Tree Fruits

 

By: Mark Longstroth,
District Extension Educator for Horticulture & Marketing

 

These recommendations are for homeowners using commonly available homeowner fruit sprays.  Pesticide registration for home fruit has changed a lot in the last few years and many materials are no longer sold.  Most materials are registered on some but not all fruit.  I discuss the pesticides used in home fruit in another file.  Read the label to determine the spray’s ingredients, what crops to use it on and how to use the material.  I also have a listing of MSU fruit publications of interest to home growers

Thoroughly wet all foliage for good control of insects and diseases.  Generally only fungicides are necessary before bloom.  Insecticides are used after bloom to protect the fruit.  Pesticide incompatibilities occur when pesticides are combined.  The specific interaction that homeowners need to worry about is when using oil.  Oil should not be used with Captan or sulfur fungicides because the oil will carry the Captan or sulfur into the plant.  A general rule of thumb is that a week or more in time from Captan sprays should separate oil sprays

Here are recommdations for using common home fruit pesticides on Fruit Trees

Apples

Apply dormant oil or lime sulfur in the dormant season before green tissue  appears, to control scale, mites and aphids. 

For apple scab, start Captan sprays at first sign of green tissue; spray before or right after each rain until about a month after petal fall. 
After petal fall include Sevin for plum curculio. 
Sevin is a mild fruit thinner of apples.  This is good for reducing the crop and making the fruit larger at harvest.  The best results are when the fruit are ¼ to ½ inch in diameter and we have warm conditions.

Many different insect pests attack apples. Codling moth and apple maggot are common backyard pests.  Captan plus Sevin or a fruit tree spray should be used every 10 to 14 days until harvest or Sept. 15 whichever comes first.  If mites or aphids appear, spray with insecticidal soap, 2 tablespoons per gallon of water. Spray 2 times at 7-day intervals.

Pears

Apply dormant oil or lime sulfur in the dormant season before green tissue appears.  For pear scab, start Captan sprays at first sign of green tissue; spray before or right after each rain until petal fall. 
In August, Captan plus Sevin or a fruit tree spray should be used every 10 to 14 days until harvest. 
If pear psylla appears, spray with insecticidal soap, 2 tablespoons per gallon of water. Spray 2 times at 7-day intervals.

 

Stone Fruit

 Chlorothalonil is used in stone fruit to control blossom brown rot. Chlorothalonil should not be used on the fruit.  It is only allowed until shuck slit and after harvest. 

All stone fruit need trunk sprays for peach tree borers. These spray should be applied in late June or early July.

Apricots

Do not use Sulfur on Apricots.
A copper spray such as Bordeaux mixture will reduce disease.  Chlorothalonil is used to control blossom brown rot.  Apply brown rot sprays just before and during bloom.  Spray after each rain during bloom.  After bloom use Captan; spray every 10 to 14 days until harvest.
After petal fall, add Sevin to mixture or use all-purpose fruit spray for plum curculio and other insect pests continue with mixture until harvest. These insecticide sprays should also control rose chafer and oriental fruit moth, common apricot pests.
A trunk spray for peach tree borers should be applied.

Peaches

A copper spray such as Bordeaux mixture or a lime sulfur spray in the dormant season will reduce Peach leaf curl and bacterial spot.  Chlorothalonil is to control blossom brown rot.  Apply brown rot sprays just before and during bloom.  Spray right after each rain during bloom. 
After bloom use Captan; spray every 10 to 14 days until harvest, to control peach scab (rusty spot), mildew and fruit brown rot.
After petal fall, add Sevin to mixture or use all-purpose fruit spray for plum curculio and other insects.  Continue using the mixture until harvest.  These insecticide sprays should also control rose chafer and oriental fruit moth. A trunk spray for peach tree borers should be applied.

Plums

A copper spray such as Bordeaux mixture or a lime sulfur spray will reduce diseases such as bacterial spot.  Chlorothalonil is used control blossom brown rot.  Apply brown rot sprays before and during bloom.  Spray immediately after each rain during bloom.  After bloom use Captan; spray every 10 to 14 days until harvest.  Black knot is a significant disease of plums in Michigan and Captan does not give good control.  Cut out black knot as soon as you see it.
Apply Sevin, at petal fall and again 10 days later, for plum curculio.
Apple maggot and fruit worms can be a problem at harvest.  Begin spraying Captan and Sevin again when fruit begins to color and apply at 10-day intervals or after each rain until harvest.
A trunk spray for peach tree borers should be applied.

Tart cherry

 A dormant copper spray such as Bordeaux mixture reduces bacterial canker. Tart cherries are tolerant of copper and copper may be used in moderation after the leaves come out to control cherry leaf spot.  Tart cherries seldom get blossom brown rot.  Chlorothalonil is used to control blossom brown rot.  Apply brown rot sprays before and during bloom.  Spray right after each rain during loom.  Spray on last time with chlorothalonil after bloom, at petal fall, before shuck split to control cherry leaf spot.  After shuck split use Captan to control cherry leaf spot, spray every 10 to 14 days until harvest.
Apply Sevin, at petal fall and again 10 days later, for plum curculio. Use Sevin for cherry fruit fly when fruit begins to color and apply at 10-day intervals or after each rain until harvest. After harvest use chlorothalonil once again to control cherry leaf spot.
A trunk spray for peach tree borers should be applied.

Sweet Cherry

A copper spray such as Bordeaux mixture will reduce bacterial canker. Sweet cherries are not tolerant of copper.  Copper should only be used in the dormant season.  Sweet cherries get blossom brown rot easily.  Use chlorothalonil to control blossom brown rot.  Apply blossom brown rot sprays just before and during bloom.  Spray at least twice during bloom or right after each rain during bloom.  Spray on last time with chlorothalonil for cherry leaf spot, at petal fall, before shuck split.  After shuck split use Captan; spray every 10 to 14 days until harvest to control cherry leaf spot and fruit brown rot.
Use Sevin at petal fall and again 10 days later for plum curculio. 
For cherry fruit fly, use Sevin when fruit begins to color and apply at 10-day intervals or after each rain until harvest. After harvest use chlorothalonil once again to control cherry leaf spot.
A trunk spray for peach tree borers should be applied.

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Posted: April 16, 2008