Michigan State University Extension
Diversity and Pluralism - 20493096
12/95/
ERIC TITLE NUMBER: ED184447 AUTHOR: Levine, David O.
TITLE: The Condition of Women in Higher Education: A Decade
of Progress, an Uncertain Future. Background Paper.
YEAR PUBLISHED: 1979
NOTE: 80 p.; For related Sloan Commission documents, see ED
161 306, ED 176 679, ED 179 174, ED 180 273, HE 012
421-427, HE 012 429-432, HE 012 434-439, HE 012 442-445, HE
012 448 449, HE 012 465-474, HE 012 476-480, HE 012
482-490.
ABSTRACT: Information on the participation of women and
minorities in all fields and at most levels in American
colleges and universities is presented, the condition of
these underrepresented groups in the academic profession is
examined, and future trends for the profession are
projected. Enrollment data by type of institution, level of
study, and various fields of study are presented for a
number of decades, and in some cases from 1920-77. The
number of doctorate degrees granted to women from 1973-76
by the 99 leading institutions is indicated. Appended
materials provide a more detailed analysis of the
availability of recent doctorate recipients with a detailed
listing of subfields. Data indicate that since 1965, the
number of women baccalaureates produced in an academic year
has nearly doubled, and the proportion of women awarded
doctorates has doubled in the past decade. Minority
students are underrepresented in universities and
professional programs: over 50 percent of all black college
students attended a two year college in 1976. Women are
underrepresented in the academic labor pool, and minorities
are even less represented. Areas of employment entered by
1960-74 Ph.D's for men and women by field of doctorate are
designated. Data on the sex and ethnic composition of
American faculty, by rank, are presented. Findings indicate
that the professoriate, particularly at the higher ranks,
remains overwhelmingly white and male. It is concluded that
affirmative action efforts will face difficulties in the
future because of increasing retrenchment. (SW)
KEY DESCRIPTORS: Academic-Rank-Professional; Access-to
Education; Doctoral-Degrees; Employment-Opportunities;
Enrollment-Trends; Graduate-Students; Higher-Education;
Racial-Discrimination; Sex-Discrimination; Trend-Analysis;
Undergraduate-Students
KEY DESCRIPTORS: *Affirmative-Action; *College-Faculty;
*College-Students; *Females-; *Minority-Groups; *Teaching
Occupation
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