Michigan State University Extension
Diversity and Pluralism - 11180360
12/95/
ERIC TITLE NUMBER: ED219943 AUTHOR: Brisk, Maria Estela
TITLE: Language Policies in American Education: A
Historical Overview.
YEAR PUBLISHED: 1982
NOTE: 9 p.
AVAILABILITY: Not available separately; see FL 013 091.
ABSTRACT: The history of American education is marked by
attempts to grapple with the U.S. multilingual and
multicultural situation. Bilingual education can be traced
from the time of the first migration from Asia which formed
the strain of the native American, through the migrations
from Europe and Africa, to the influx of immigrants from
all over the world during the 19th century. Strategies used
by educational institutions to cope with the situation, as
well as strategies used by the specific linguistic group
exercising pressure, have varied throughout history.
Historically, native American languages have been
officially repressed; today they are being revived.
Sectarian schools established by the 19th century
immigrants used texts in their native languages. The
non-European migration came about due to the need for cheap
labor; linguistically, the result was formation of creole
languages. During most of the 19th century, multilingual
education and cultural diversity enjoyed considerable
tolerance. However, after 1880 the "melting-pot" became the
ideal and the official requirement to use English included
and went beyond education. Since 1960, sociocultural and
political factors have brought pressures that have resulted
in federal legislation on bilingual education and many
agencies to implement it.
(AMH)
KEY DESCRIPTORS: American-Indian-Languages; Creoles-;
Cultural-Pluralism; Immigrants-; Migration-;
Multilingualism
; Political-Influences; Socioeconomic-Influences
KEY DESCRIPTORS: *Bilingual-Education; *Educational-Policy;
*Federal-Legislation; *Language-Attitudes; *Minority-Group
Influences; *United-States-History
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