Michigan State University Extension
Diversity and Pluralism - 02160148
12/95/
ERIC TITLE NUMBER: ED259039 AUTHOR: Hammerman, Herbert
TITLE: A Decade of New Opportunity: Affirmative Action in
the 1970s.
YEAR PUBLISHED: 1984
NOTE: 114 p.
ABSTRACT: This study investigates whether there were
significant changes in the employment patterns of minorities
and women in the 1970s, whether any such changes resulted
from affirmative action, and whether affirmative action
brought about fundamental changes in discriminatory
personnel practices and systems. (Affirmative action here
refers to that prescribed by Presidential executive order,
defined by Federal rules and regulations, and enforced by
administrative action.) Major findings are as follows.
First, at the end of the decade both minorities and women
had greater employment in higher-paid jobs than at the
beginning. This was true in all sectors examined--private
employment, government employment, to some extent in higher
education, and in apprenticeships and union membership in
the construction industry. Second, much of the change in
employment is attributable to affirmative action. The fact
that between 1974 and 1980 minorities and women made
significantly greater gains in establishments of Federal
government contractors in contrast to Federal government non
contractors illustrates this point. And third, there have
been substantial systemic changes in industrial personnel
practices. These have mostly been brought about by personnel
management changes, including special training of
supervisors, crediting Equal Employment Opportunity
activities of supervisors, and developing professional
staffs to monitor and oversee in-house equal opportunity
programs. The relationship of education to equal employment
opportunity is examined. Graphs, charts, and references are
included in each section. (CMG)
KEY DESCRIPTORS: Disadvantaged-; Educational-Opportunities;
Federal-Legislation; Federal-Programs; Federal-State
Relationship; Income-; Poverty-; Racial-Discrimination; Sex
Discrimination; Socioeconomic-Status
KEY DESCRIPTORS: *Affirmative-Action; *Employment-Patterns;
*Females-; *Minority-Groups; *Personnel-Policy
This is an ERIC database document. ERIC is the National
Education Information Network for providing ready access
to the literature of education -descriptions of exemplary
programs, research and development efforts, and related
information that can be used in developing more effective
educational programs. The ERIC database is currently
available on CD-ROM in the main library (ground floor of
the west wing) at Michigan State University. To locate
ERIC documents in the library identify the first line of
each record (i.e., the field ERIC TITLE NUMBER). ED
following ERIC TITLE NUMBER indicates an ERIC document,
an unpublished research study. Most of these items are
available in the Microforms library, located on the 3rd
floor of the west wing. All you need is the six digit ED
number. If EJ follows ERIC TITLE NUMBER the item is a
journal article. The complete journal name is listed after
the code JOURNAL.
This information is for educational purposes only. References
to commercial products or trade names does not imply
endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not
mentioned. This information becomes public property upon
publication and may be printed verbatim with credit to MSU
Extension. Reprinting cannot be used to endorse or advertise
a commercial product or company.
This file was generated from data base DP on 06/25/02.
Data base DP was last revised on 12/95/ .
For more information about this data base or its contents please contact
cook@msue.msu.edu . Please read our
disclaimer for important
information about using our site.