Frogs & Toads

Amphibian Information:

Amphibians are vertebrates which live portions of their life cycle both on land and in water. Primarily, these are frogs, toads and salamanders. Amphibians "breathe" through their skin, and may be more susceptible to pollution than other organisms, hence they are considered and indicator organism. Recent data shows amphibian populations declining all over the world. This is in part due to wetland destruction. Several organizations and institutions are initiating surveys to look at changes in amphibian populations.

Frogs and Toads in Michigan:

Amphibians are found in all 83 of Michigan counties. Michigan has twelve species of frogs and two species of toads. The largest Michigan frog, which can be as big as a dinner plate, is the Bull frog (Rana catesbeiana). The smallest is the Northern Spring Peeper, (hyla crucifer crucifer) is only about the size of a thumbnail. Michigan has Blanchard's cricket frog, (Acris crepitans blanchardi) and the Boreal chorus frog, (Pseudacris triseriata maculata) protected under the Michigan Endangered Species Act.

Description:

Frogs and toads have soft, moist skin without scales and clawless toes. Frogs usually have smooth skin and muscular legs for jumping. Toads have a bumpy or "warty" skin. These secretous glands do not cause warts, but may secrete an irritant. Frogs and toads both breed in wet areas, and the male courting songs can be heard in spring and early summer. The baby amphibians (tadpoles) develop in the water and may move to the land as an adult.

How to help:

Frogs and toads benefit humans by eating pesky insects. There are several things an individual can do to help protect frogs and toads.

• Protect wetlands-amphibians need wetland to breed and carry out their life cycle
• Plant night bloomers-this can attract moths, a favorite food for frogs and toads
• Reduce runoff of pollutants(pesticides, motor oil, gasoline, salt) into wetlands, amphibians are especially sensitive to these substances in their environment
• Maintain piles of compost, rocks, or brush to provide habitat (non-mortared stone fences are excellent!)
• Have a water garden, mud puddle, or small pond for breeding
• Create a toad house out of a turned over flower pot with a hole punched in it
• Learn more about frog deformities from the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

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